In recent years, the domestic food lyophilizer industry has experienced rapid growth, with numerous manufacturers entering the market. However, there is a wide variation in product quality, performance, and specifications. In the early 1950s, research institutes in Wuhan and Beijing imported freeze dryers for biological products. By the 1960s, cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Shanghai, and Dalian began establishing experimental manufacturers of freeze-dried food. These early models were mostly monolithic, with uneven shelf temperatures, manual operation, and limited automation capabilities. In the 1970s, Hubei developed its own freeze dryer, using a single- or two-stage compressor, which could be used to seal bottles. A mid-sized freeze-drying plant was also set up in Shanghai, with an annual output of 300 tons.
To accelerate the development of freeze-drying technology in China, the Ministry of Mechanical and Electrical Industry included industrial vacuum freeze-drying machines in the 1986 Industrial Technology Development Fund project. The project was led by Huazhong University of Science and Technology, in collaboration with Zhejiang Vacuum Equipment Factory. The machine was successfully evaluated at the ministerial level in 1989. It featured a compact design, complete functions, adjustable shelf spacing, and microcomputer-controlled programs, marking a significant step forward in domestic production.
Additionally, Tsinghua University's Nuclear Energy Design and Research Institute introduced advanced Russian vacuum freeze-drying technology for large-scale food processing. They partnered directly with Yantai Ice Wheel Group, a top-tier national enterprise, to explore new paths for the development of freeze-drying in China. The equipment developed had a high starting point, required lower investment, and yielded quick results. During the process of technology introduction, digestion, and absorption, practical solutions were proposed for equipment improvements, especially in control system design. By considering energy efficiency and process requirements, modern instruments and advanced technologies were integrated to re-optimize the control systems, significantly enhancing the overall design and control level of large-scale food freeze-dryers in China.
As the industry matures, the improvement trend is gradually moving away from purely imitating foreign models. Experts note that while many domestic manufacturers still follow an imitation path, some have made significant advancements by integrating advanced foreign technologies. For example, the use of special guide devices on heating plates ensures even fluid flow and stable heating. The water trap can alternate between capturing water and melting ice during operation, and the ammonia liquid cooling in the coil can be optimized. This shift from traditional refrigeration methods improves temperature uniformity and frost formation performance.
Moreover, domestic R&D capabilities are continuously improving. Some companies have moved beyond simple imitation. For instance, some units now use low-profile steam jet pumps for pumping steam, eliminating the need for water traps and refrigeration systems, thus reducing equipment costs and increasing efficiency. This marks a growing trend toward innovation and self-reliance in the Chinese freeze-drying industry.
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