Hexahedral parts require that opposite faces be parallel and adjacent faces meet at right angles. These components can be machined using milling or planing processes. In the case of planing, a standard procedure is typically followed, as illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 1: Planer Vertical Slot
**Machining Procedure:**
The first step involves planing the largest surface (Surface 1) to serve as a reference base (see Figure 2a). This surface becomes the foundation for subsequent operations, ensuring accuracy throughout the process.
Figure 2: Machining Procedure to Ensure 4 Surface Verticality
In the second step, the already machined Surface 1 is fixed to the stationary jaw. A round bar is placed between the movable jaw and the workpiece to evenly distribute clamping force, ensuring stable contact between the workpiece and the jaw. The adjacent face (Surface 2) is then machined. The perpendicularity of Surface 2 relative to Surface 1 depends on the alignment of the stationary jaw with the horizontal pass.
For the third step, Surface 2 is turned downward, and again, Surface 1 is brought into close contact with the stationary jaw. The workpiece is gently tapped with a hand hammer to ensure proper alignment and secure clamping against the jaws (see Figure 2c).
In the fourth step, Surface 3 is machined (see Figure 2d). The workpiece is placed on a parallel block, and clamped directly between the two jaws. Light tapping with a hammer ensures that Surface 1 remains in firm contact with the parallel block during this operation.
**Key Measures to Ensure Accuracy:**
(1) Always check the accuracy of the vise itself (as shown in Figure 3) before use, and install it properly on the bench.
Figure 3: Pliers Accuracy Check
(2) When high precision is required, separate rough and finish planing operations. Roughly plane all four sides, leaving about 0.5 mm of material for final machining with a fine planer.
(3) Choose the correct machining reference. Use a large, flat rough surface as the initial reference, such as Surface 1 in Figure 2a. This surface will serve as the basis for all subsequent measurements and setups.
(4) Secure the already machined Surface 1 tightly to the jaws, using a round bar between the movable jaw and the workpiece to ensure even pressure distribution when machining the adjacent Surface 2 (as seen in Figure 2b).
(5) Place the machined Surface 2 of the workpiece against the bottom of the jaws, and press Surface 1 against the fixed jaw using the same clamping method as before. This allows for accurate machining of Surface 4 (see Figure 2c).
(6) Assemble the workpiece as shown in Figure 2d and proceed to machine Surface 3.
(7) Finally, the remaining two faces of the hexahedron are machined by fixing the jaws to the flat Surface 1 and following the same setup and clamping method. This ensures consistent alignment and precision across all surfaces.
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