In response to the pressing need for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the focus has shifted toward addressing the high energy consumption and costly nature of CO2 capture and storage processes. To support this goal, China launched the "Eleventh Five-Year" National Science and Technology Support Program, specifically the CO2 Capture and Storage Technology Project. This initiative aims to develop cost-effective, domestically developed technologies that can significantly contribute to emission reduction.
According to a recent report issued by the National "863" Plan Office of Resources, Environment and Technology on February 28, the project will concentrate on improving CO2 absorption, capture, and storage technologies, with particular attention to the challenges of high energy use and operational costs.
The CO2 absorption capture technology involves two main areas of research. First, it focuses on developing advanced, highly efficient solvents that are low in energy consumption and corrosion. Using molecular modeling, design, and experimental methods, the project explores new chemical, physical, and hybrid solvents tailored for coal-fired power plants and industrial sources. It also investigates emerging techniques such as integrated sulfur and carbon removal, as well as membrane-absorption coupling. Second, the project works on optimizing large-scale equipment and processes. By combining computational fluid dynamics simulations with experimental techniques, researchers aim to enhance separation equipment, develop high-efficiency packing materials, and establish energy-saving process models. These efforts will lead to the creation of an integrated absorption technology platform.
On the adsorption front, the project is dedicated to creating new high-performance adsorbents with high selectivity, strong adsorption capacity, and low desorption energy. It also focuses on optimizing the adsorption and separation process, including designing efficient flow systems, building lab-scale and pilot devices, and identifying low-energy operation parameters. The ultimate goal is to form an integrated CO2 adsorption capture system from material development to tower design.
Regarding CO2 storage, the project emphasizes the urgent need for effective greenhouse gas reduction. It studies geological storage options, such as saline aquifers on land or under the sea. By leveraging international advancements, the project seeks to develop independent, practical, and advanced storage technologies suitable for China’s specific geological conditions, aiming to reduce costs and improve feasibility.
This comprehensive approach not only addresses current technological limitations but also lays the foundation for sustainable, low-cost CO2 management solutions in the future.
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