Second, the fertilization of various vegetables should be carefully managed to ensure optimal growth and yield.
1. **Melons**: For melon cultivation, it is essential to apply sufficient base fertilizer. This includes 4000–5000 kg of well-decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, along with 30–40 kg of diammonium phosphate and 40–60 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Alternatively, 100 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer can be used as a base. Top-dressing should be done appropriately, such as applying 1000 kg of composted manure or 10 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer (or urea) per acre. Additionally, foliar feeding with a solution of 0.4% urea and 0.3–0.4% phosphoric acid can be applied 2–3 times during the growing season. In protected areas, CO₂ gas fertilizer can also be introduced to enhance growth. It is important to avoid using harmful municipal waste or sludge as fertilizer, and no manure should be used for top-dressing during the harvesting stage.
2. **Solanaceous Vegetables**: These include tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. The main focus should be on organic fertilizers, with a base application of 4000–5000 kg of mature organic fertilizer per mu. Diammonium phosphate (30–40 kg/mu) and potassium sulfate (40–60 kg/mu) should also be added, or alternatively, 100 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer. Top-dressing can involve 1000 kg of well-decomposed human manure or 10 kg of urea per acre. Again, it's crucial to avoid harmful waste materials and not to use manure for top-dressing during the final stages of harvest.
3. **Leafy Vegetables**: For leafy crops like spinach and lettuce, a sufficient amount of base fertilizer is necessary. This includes 4000–5000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer, 30–40 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 30–40 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, or 80 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer. For top-dressing, slow-release fertilizers can be applied in the early and mid-growth stages, followed by 1000 kg of decomposed manure and urine, 40–100 kg of plant ash, or 10 kg of a three-element compound fertilizer (or urea) per mu. Quick-acting fertilizers like ammonium bicarbonate (20–30 kg/mu) or urea (10 kg/mu) can also be used. As always, avoid using harmful waste and refrain from applying manure during the harvesting period.
Proper fertilization practices not only improve crop quality but also protect soil health and the environment. Always follow local guidelines and ensure that all inputs are safe and sustainable.
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