First, the flotation principle process
The flotation principle process involves various principles of ore processing, such as the number of stages in the flotation process and the order of the minerals in the flotation cycle.
1. Number of segments in the flotation process
The number of segments in the flotation process refers to the number of times the flotation is combined with flotation. Generally grinding once, flotation once called a grinding process. Usually, there are often several useful minerals in the ore. After a single grinding, different minerals are selected separately. After several times of flotation, it is still called a grinding process. When the size of the mineral inlay is relatively fine, it is necessary to perform flotation after two or more grindings. There is no flotation between the two grindings, or a grinding process. The particle size in the beneficiation is actually controlled by grinding. In order to ensure that the useful minerals are fully dissociated and prevented from being over-pulverized as much as possible, different types of flotation process stages can be used depending on the impregnation characteristics of the useful minerals. There are two types of grinding process and stage grinding process.
(1) A section of the grinding process. A grinding process is also called a grinding process. This process can be used when the mineral inclusions in the ore are relatively uniform. Embossing
The particle size is relatively coarse, and the grinding may be performed only once. If the size of the inlaid cloth is fine and uniform, the grinding may be performed twice, and then sorting;
(2) Stage grinding process. The stage grinding process can be divided into two stages of grinding process and multi-stage grinding process. The selection and application are determined by the size characteristics of the mineral inlay and the muddy trend. Commonly used is a two-stage grinding process.
According to the characteristics of mineral dyeing, there are three types of two-stage grinding process: concentrate regrind, tailings regrind and medium mine regrind, as shown in the figure:
The multi-stage grinding process is actually used less. Only some of the ore grades are low, useful minerals are better floatable, and concentrate quality is required to be higher. For example, molybdenum ore generally contains only about 0.1% of molybdenum, while the grade of molybdenum concentrate is relatively high, often more than 50%, and floatability is good. Therefore, a multi-stage grinding process can be selected according to the situation.
2. Flotation cycle
The flotation cycle is also called the loop. Where it once flotation, to obtain a product known as a cycle, generally named in name selected mineral or metal, in FIG. 6 as lead and zinc circulation loop, loop copper zinc, copper and sulfur cycle cycle.
3. The order of minerals
The order of minerals is related to the floatability of minerals in the ore, the symbiotic relationship between minerals, etc., and there are often priority flotation processes, mixed flotation processes, partial mixed priority flotation processes, and other floatable processes.
1) Priority flotation process
The process of flotation of one mineral at a time, inhibiting the remaining minerals, then activating and flotation of the second mineral, and suppressing the remaining minerals, and successively recovering the useful minerals, is referred to as the preferred flotation process, see Figure 6-8. The ore grade is high and the useful minerals are thicker. This process can be considered first.
2) Hybrid flotation process
Several useful minerals in the ore are floated together to obtain a mixed concentrate, and then the mixed concentrate is separated to obtain various qualified concentrates, which are called a mixed flotation process, as shown in the following figure:
When the minerals are assembled and embedded, the particle size is coarser, and the floatability of different useful minerals is relatively close. When the tailings can be discarded under rough grinding, mixed flotation can be considered, and the mixed concentrate can be separated.
3) Partially mixed priority flotation process
Several useful minerals in the flotation ore, inhibiting the remaining minerals, and then revitalizing and flotation of the inhibited minerals, the first floating concentrate is separated and the mineral concentrate is partially mixed and preferential flotation process, see the following figure.
This process can be used when there are several useful minerals in the mineral that are similar in floatability and some are different in floatability.
4) Wait for floating process
When the same mineral has different floatability, an equal floatable process can be used. When sorting, it is not carried out according to minerals, but sorted according to its floatability. This process eliminates the difficulty of separation caused by strong inhibition of strong activation, but the number of separations is large and the process is complicated, as shown in the figure.
First select galena and sphalerite buoyant portion, and then select and sphalerite difficult to float buoyant portion pyrite, flotation and then were separated.
Second, the internal structure of the flotation process
The internal structure of the flotation process refers to the internal precision of the flotation cycle, the number of sweeps and the treatment of the mine.
1. The number of selections and sweeps
The flotation has rough selection, selection and sweeping. Rough selection is generally only one time. The number of selections and sweeps varies greatly, and is closely related to the nature of the ore, the quality requirements of the concentrate, and the value of the ingredients to be selected.
If the grade of the ore is higher, the useful minerals are less buoyant, and when the quality of the concentrate is not high, the concentrate can be directly obtained on the basis of rough selection, and should not be selected or selected. Strengthen sweeping to ensure a high enough recovery rate. In addition, if the useful mineral is difficult to float and easy to mud or oxidize, the concentrate should be separated as soon as possible. It is not suitable for development in the direction of selection. The sweeping should be strengthened. The number of sweeps should be selected according to the nature of the ore. Confirm, the process is shown in the figure below.
The ore grade is lower, the quality of the concentrate is very high, and the useful mineral floatability is better. The process structure should be developed to the selection. The number of sweeps can be relatively small, and the number of selections should be more. Process structure.
The ore grade is low, the quality of rough-selected concentrate is not too high, and it is necessary to use the selected to improve the quality of the concentrate; the mineral floatability is good, it is easy to enter the concentrate, without sweeping or only after 1 or 2 sweeps. Get qualified tailings. For example, the number of molybdenum concentrate concentrates is often more than 10 times. Graphite ore flotation has similar characteristics.
In most cases, the process structure is a process that includes both selection and sweeping operations, as shown in the following figure.
The number of selections and sweeps can be determined by reference to the production practices of similar ore concentrators and through experiments.
2. Middle mine treatment
In the flotation process, products other than the final concentrate and tailings, such as tailings for selected operations and foam products for sweeping operations, are collectively referred to as medium mines. The medium ore should continue to be treated, and its treatment method is related to the content of the continuum in the middle mine, the floatability of the useful minerals, the content of the medium in the mine, the composition of the medium mine and the requirements for the concentrate. There are three ways to deal with mines:
1) Middle mine return
There are two types of return to the mine, and the loop returns or returns.
(1) The Chinese mine returns in sequence. That is, the middle mine of the latter job returns to the previous job for processing. This is the most widely used process in actual production, as shown below.
The process is applicable to the case where the mineral has been dissociated, the floatability is general, and the recovery rate is emphasized.
(2) The return of the mine is one. Combine all the mines and return to the previous job, usually roughing, see the figure below.
The return of the Sino-Mineral Mine will enable the medium-mineral mine to be re-elected many times, which will help improve the quality of the concentrate. Therefore, this process is often used when the useful minerals are more buoyant and the concentrate quality is higher. Due to the concentration of the medium mine, the amount is large, the concentration is low, and sometimes it needs to be concentrated, but the dosage of the medicine can be saved.
In fact, the medium mine returns more types. The most important thing is to return to operations similar to those of minerals such as mineral composition and mineral floatability.
2) Re-grinding in the mine
When the medium ore contains more connected organisms, it should be reground in order to dissociate the useful minerals from the medium ore. Re-grinding can be done separately or back to the first stage of grinding. Concentration and classification should often be carried out before the re-grinding of the mine. The concentrated overflow can be used as backwater.
3) The middle mine is treated separately
According to the nature of the mine, it is treated by flotation or other means. When the nature of the mine is special, it is not suitable to return to the previous operation. At this time, the scheme of the separate flotation of the middle mine can be considered. If the medium ore contains more mud, returning to the previous operation affects the normal operation of the previous operation, and the flotation effect is not satisfactory, and other methods such as water smelting may be considered.
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