Battery knowledge: Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell basics
Fuel cell is a promising new power source. It is generally fueled by hydrogen, carbon, methanol, borohydride, gas or natural gas. As the negative electrode, oxygen in the air is used as the positive electrode. The main difference between the battery and the general battery is that it is generally The active substance of the battery is placed in advance, and thus the capacity of the battery depends on the amount of the active substance stored; and the active substance (fuel and oxidant) of the fuel cell is continuously input while reacting, therefore, such a battery It is actually just an energy conversion device. These batteries have the advantages of high conversion efficiency, large capacity, high specific energy, wide power range, no charging, etc. However, due to high cost, the system is complex and limited to special applications such as spacecraft, submarine, military, and TV relay stations. Lighthouses and buoys.
According to the battery structure and working mode, the oxyhydrogen fuel cell can be divided into three types: ion membrane, bacon type and asbestos membrane.
1. Ionic membrane oxyhydrogen fuel cell: an acidic fuel cell using a cation exchange membrane as an electrolyte, and a perfluorosulfonic ACID membrane is modernly used. When the battery is discharged, water is generated at the oxygen electrode, and water is sucked out through the wick. The battery operates at room temperature, has a compact structure and is light in weight, but the internal resistance of the ion exchange membrane is large, and the discharge current density is small.
2. Bacon fuel cell: It is an alkaline battery. The hydrogen and oxygen electrodes are double-layer porous nickel electrodes (the inner and outer diameters are different), and platinum is used as a catalyst. The electrolyte is 80% to 85% caustic potash solution, solid at room temperature, and liquid at battery operating temperature (204 to 260 ° C). This battery has a high energy utilization rate, but it consumes a large amount of electricity, and it takes a long time to start and stop (24 hours for starting and 17 hours for stopping).
3. Asbestos membrane fuel cell: It is also an alkaline battery. The hydrogen electrode is made of porous nickel plate with platinum and palladium catalyst. The oxygen electrode is a porous silver pole piece. The two electrodes are sandwiched with an asbestos film containing 35% caustic potash solution, and then pressed with a slotted nickel plate on the two plates as a set. The flow device constitutes a gas chamber and is packaged into a single battery. Water is generated on the side of the hydrogen electrode during discharge, and can be discharged by circulating hydrogen, or a static drainage method can be used. This battery has a start-up time of only 15 minutes and can be stopped instantaneously. More environmentally friendly than lithium iron phosphate batteries.
Principle of oxyhydrogen fuel cell
During operation, fuel (hydrogen) is supplied to the negative electrode, and oxidant (oxygen) is supplied to the positive electrode. Hydrogen is decomposed into positive ions H+ and electrons e- by the action of a catalyst on the negative electrode. Hydrogen ions enter the electrolyte, and electrons move along the external circuit to the positive electrode. The electrical load is connected to an external circuit. On the positive electrode, oxygen and the hydrogen ions in the electrolyte absorb the electrons reaching the positive electrode to form water. This is the reverse of the electrolytic reaction of water.
Advantages of oxyhydrogen fuel cells
1. Clean and environmentally friendly, the product is water;
2. It is easy to continuously pass hydrogen and oxygen to generate continuous current;
3. The energy conversion rate is higher, exceeding 80% (the normal combustion energy conversion rate is more than 30%);
4. Can be combined into a fuel cell power station, with less waste, low noise, and green power stations.
Application of oxyhydrogen fuel cell
As a promising new power source, the application of oxyhydrogen fuel cells is multifaceted:
1. Large-scale power station power generation
2, portable mobile power
3, emergency power supply
4, home power
5, aircraft, cars, warships
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